We carry out short, medium and long term energy analysis studies for generation projects. The energy analysis studies of generation projects seek to determine the impact of the entry of operation of a generator on the system’s marginal cost and the benefits that the country receives from the generator’s operation. These studies are carried out with the SDDP “Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming”, a hydrothermal systems simulation model. We carry out studies of spot and contract price projections with the SDDP model taking into account technical characteristics of all the plants in the system, fuel prices, operation and maintenance costs, reservoir level, in-service date of future projects, among others.

We advise companies in the sector on the following specialized topics:

• Strategic Planning
• Reengineering
• Integral Risk Management
• Business Continuity Plans
• Real-Time Systems Operation
• Definition of rules for the energy markets operation
• Investment Plans
• Regulatory Studies
• Assessment of constructive units
• In relation to training, we have:
• • Training over electrical studies
  • Training over energy markets
  • Training over power systems operation

We advise investors interested in the operation of the Wholesale Energy Markets of Colombia and Central America, through the preparation of market studies in which we describe the market operation, regulatory contextualization and show the market´s historical behavior. In addition, we deliver variable projections such as the spot price, generation, and the scarcity price, among others, using the SDDP model. Within these studies, we can perform:

• Risk analysis in the electricity and gas market.
• Advising over participating in energy auctions (Reliability charge, long-term, energy and power).
• Advising for defining the energy purchase/sale strategy for generators, commercialization companies and large users.

The objective of the electrical protections coordination is to achieve protection selectivity in order to guarantee the safety of people and the associated equipment. At PHC, we carry out the Protection Coordination studies requested by the Network Operator, the Transmission Company and XM, to interconnect a new project to the national grid.

The protection coordination studies are carried out not only for the Colombian system but also for Central America system. Similarly, we perform analysis over events, verification and protection adjustment.

We prepare the following studies and power systems analysis:

• Power system planning studies.
• Reliability studies.
• Dynamic and transitory stability studies.
• Technical losses studies
• Studies over the interconnection to the power grid in Central America.

To carry out the electrical studies, we use the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software and the PSS/E software, according to the customer's request.

We prepare the Electrical Studies requested by the Network Operators, Transmission Companies and the UPME to interconnect a new project to the national grid. The project can be the interconnection of a generator, a new load, a new line, etc. We prepare the simplified interconnection studies requested by CREG in its CREG Resolution 030 of 2018, to allow the interconnection of small-scale self-generation and distributed generation projects. To perform the interconnection studies we use the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.